Interpreting Statistical Findings: A Guide for Health Professionals and Students

Part 1 Worked ExamplesThe randomised controlled trial
The Health survey

Part 2 Interpreting statistical concepts

Measuring variables: continuous, ordinal and categorical data
Describing continuous data: The normal distribution
Describing nonparametric data
Measuring concepts: Validity and reliability
Sampling data: Probability and non-probability samples
Sample size: criteria for judging adequacy
Testing hypotheses: what does p actually mean?

Part 3 Statistical tests

Introduction to inferential statistics
Comparing two independent (unrelated) groups: independent (unrelated) t test, Mann-Whitney U test, contingency analysis- Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test
Comparing three or more independent (unrelated) groups: One-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test and Chi-square test
Comparing two sets of related data: Matched pairs or single-sample repeated measures- related (paired) t test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, sign test and McNemar's test
Complex group comparisons: ANOVA / ANCOVA, Friedman two-way ANOVA by ranks and Cochrane Q test
Simple tests of association: Correlation and linear regression
complex associations: Multiple and logistic regression

Part 4 Quick reference guide

I Framework for statistical review
II Glossary of terms
III Guide to statistical symbols
IV Overview of common statistical tests
V Guide to the assumptions that underpin statistical tests
VI Summary of statistical test selection and results
VII Extracts from statistical tables

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• Pesquisa e estatística social
• Epidemiologia e estatística médica