CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2011

Authors Preface 1. Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Michael Pignone and Rene Salazar Prevention of Infectious Diseases Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention of Osteoporosis Prevention of Physical Inactivity Prevention of Overweight & Obesity Cancer Prevention Prevention of Injuries & Violence Prevention of Substance Abuse: Alcohol & Illicit Drugs 2. Common Symptoms, Ralph Gonzales & Paul L. Nadler Cough Dyspnea Hemoptysis Chest Pain Palpitations Acute Knee Pain Lower Extremity Edema Fever & Hyperthermia Involuntary Weight Loss Fatique & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Acute Headache Dysuria 3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management, Hugo Q. Cheng Evaluation of the Asymptomatic Patient Cardiac Risk Assessment & Reduction Pulmonary Evaluation in Non-Lung Resection Surgery Evaluation of the Patient with Liver Disease Preoperative Hematologic Evaluation Neurologic Evaluation Management of Endocrine Diseases Kidney Disease Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infections 4. Geriatric Disorders, C. Bree Johnston, G. Michael Harper, & C. Seth Landefeld General PrinciplesAssessment of the Older Adult Management of Common Geriatric Problems --Dementia --Depression --Delirium --Immobility --Falls & Gait Disorders --Urinary Incontinence --Undernutrition & Frailty --Pressure Ulcers --Pharmacotherapy & Polypharmacy --Vision Impairment --Hearing Impairment --Elder Abuse 5. Palliative Care & Pain Management, Michael W. Rabow & Steven Z. Pantilat Definition & Scope of Palliative Care Pain Management --Principles of Pain Management --Pain at the End of Life --Pharmacologic Pain Management Strategies --Nonpharmacologic Treatments Palliation of Other Common Symptoms --Dyspnea --Nausea & Vomiting --Constipation --Delirium & Agitation End-of-Life Care --Tasks after Death 6. Dermatologic Disorders, Timothy G. Berger Principles of Dermatologic Therapy Common Dermatoses --Pigmented Lesions --Scaling Disorders --Vesicular Dermatoses --Weeping or Crusted Lesions --Pustular Diseases --Erythemas --Blistering Diseases --Papules --Violaceous to Purple Papules & Nodules --Prutitus (Itching) --Inflammatory Nodules --Epiderman Inclusion Cyst --Photodermatisis --Ulcers Miscellaneous Dermatologic Disorders --Pigmentary Disorders --Baldness --Nail Disorders --Dermatitis Medicamentosa (Drup Eruption) 7. Disorders of the Eyes & Lids, Paul Riordan-Eva Refractive Errors Disorders of the Lids & Lacrimal Apparatus Conjunctivitis Penguecula & Pterygium Corneal Ulcer Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Chronic Glaucoma Uveitis Cataract Retinal Detachment Vitreous Hemorrhage Age-Related Macular Degeneration Central & Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions Central & Branch Retinal Artery Occlusions Transient Monocular Blindness Retinal Disorders Associated with Systemic Diseases Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Optic Neuritis Optic Disk Swelling Osular Motor Palsies Dysthyroid Eye Disease Orbital Cellulitis Ocular Trauma Ultraviolet Keratitis (Actinic Keratitis) Chemical Conjunctivitis & Keratitis Treatment of Ocular Disorders Precautions in Management of Ocular Disorders Adverse Ocular Effects of Systemic Drugs 8. Ear, Nose, & Throat Disorders, Lawrence R. Lustig & Joshua S. Schindler Diseases of the Ear Diseases of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx Diseases of the Salivary Glands Diseases of the Larynx Tracheostomy & Cricothyrotomy Foreign Bodies in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Diseases Presenting as Neck Masses 9. Pulmonary Disorders, Mark S. Chesnutt & Thomas J. Predergast Disorders of the Airways Pulmonary Infections Pulmonary Neoplasms Interstitial Lung Disease (Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease)Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation Environmental & Occupational Lung Disorders Pleural Diseases Disorders of Control of Ventilation Acute Respiratory Failure Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 10. Heart Disease, Thomas M. Bashore, Christopher B. Granger, Patrick Hranitzky, & Manesh R. Patel Congenital Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease Coronary Heart Disease (Atherosclerotic CAD, Ischemic Heart Disease)Disturbances of Rate & Rhythm Bradycardias & Conduction Disturbances Congestive Heart Failure Myocarditis & the Cardiomyopathies Acute Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease Diseases of the Pericardium Pulmonary Hypertension & Pulmonary Heart Disease Neoplastic Diseases of the Heart Cardiac Involvement in Miscellaneous Systemic Diseases Traumatic Heart Disease The Cardiac Patient & Surgery The Cardiac Patient & Pregnancy Cardiovascular Screening of Athletes 11. Systemic Hypertension, Michael Sutters How is Blood Pressure Measured and Hypertension Diagnosed? Prehypertension Approach to Hypertension Drug Therapy: Current Antihypertensive Agents Resistant Hypertension Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies 12. Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders, Joseph H. Rapp, Christopher D. Owens, & Meshell D. Johnson Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Nonatherosclerotic Vascular Disease Arterial Aneurysms Venous Diseases Diseases of the Lymphatic Channels Shock 13. Blood Disorders, Charles A. Linker & Lloyd E. Damon Anemias Neutropenia Leukemias & Other Myeloproliferative Disorders Lymphomas Stem Cell Transplantation Blood Transfusions 14. Disorders of Hemostatis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy, Patrick F. Fogarty & Tracy Minichiello Platelet Disorders Disorders of Coagulation Antithrombotic Therapy 15. Gastrointestinal Disorders, Kenneth R. McQuaid Symptoms & Signs of Gastrointestinal Disease Diseases of the Peritoneum Diseases of the Esophagus Diseases of the Stomach & Duodenum Diseases of the Small Intestine Diseases of the Colon & Rectum Anorectal Diseases 16. Liver, Biliary, & Pancreas Disorders, Lawrence S. Friedman Jaundice Diseases of the Liver Diseases of the Biliary Tract Diseases of the Pancreas 17. Breast Disorders, Armando E. Giuliano and Sara A. Hurvitz Benign Breast Disorders --Fibrocystic Condition --Fibroadenoma of the Breast --Nipple Discharge --Fat Necrosis --Breast Abscess --Disorders of the Augmented Breast Carcinoma of the Female Breast Carcinoma of the Male Breast 18. Gynecologic Disorders, H. Trent Mackay Abnormal Premenopausal Bleeding Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding Premenstrual Syndrome (Premenstrual Tension) Dysmenorrhea Vaginitis Cervical Polyps Cyst & Abscess of Bartholin Duct Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Dysplasia of the Cervix) Carcinoma of the Cervix Leiomyoma of the Uterus (Fibroid Tumor) Carcinoma of the Endometrium Carcinoma of the Vulva Endometriosis Pelvic Organ Prolapse Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Salpingitis, Endometritis) Ovarian Cancer & Ovarian Tumors Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Female Sexual Dysfunction Infertility Contraception Rape Menopausal Syndrome 19. Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders, Vanessa L. Rogers and Susan Cox Diagnosis of Pregnancy Essential of Prenatal Care Nutrition in Pregnancy Prevention of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis Fetalis) Lactation Travel & Immunization during Pregnancy Obstetric Complications of the First & Second Quarter --Vomiting of Pregnancy (Morning Sickness) & Hyperemesis Gravidarum (Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy) --Spontaneous Abortion --Recurrent (Habitual) Abortion --Ectopic Pregnancy --Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma) Obstetric Complications of the Second & Third Trimester --Preeclampsia-Eclampsia --Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy --Preterm (Premature) Labor --Third-Trimester Bleeding Obstetric Complications of the Peripartum Period --Puerperal Period --Chorioamnionitis & Endometritis Medical Conditions Complicating Pregnancy --Anemia Lupus Anticoagulant-Anticardiolipin-Antiphospholipid Antibody --Thyroid Disease --Diabetes Mellitus --Hypertensive Disease --Heart Disease --Asthma Seizure Disorders Infectious Conditions Complicating Pregnancy --Urinary Tract Infection --Group B Streptococcal Infection --Varicella --Tuberculosis --HIV/AIDS during Pregnancy --Maternal Hepatitis B & C Carrier State --Herpes Genitalis--Syphilis, Gonorrhea, & Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Surgical Complications during Pregnancy --Choledocholithiasis, Cholecystitis, & Idiopathic Cholestasis of Pregnancy --Appendicitis --Carcinoma of the Breast --Ovarian Tumors 20. Musculoskeletal & Immunologic Disorders, David B. Hellmann & John B. Imboden, Jr. Diagnosis & Evaluation Degenerative & Crystal-Induced Arthritis Pain Syndromes Autoimmune Diseases Vasculitis Syndromes Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies Infectious Arthritis Infections of Bones Other Rheumatic Diseases Allergic Diseases Atopic Disease Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders 21. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders, Kerry C. Cho Disorders of Sodium Concentration Hyperosmolar Disorders & Osmolar Gaps Disorders of Potassium Concentration Disorders of Calcium Concentration Disorders of Phosphorus Concentration Disord ers of Magnesium Concentration Acid-Base Disorders Fluid Management 22. Kidney Disease, Suzanne Watnick & Gail Morrison Assessment of Kidney Disease Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure) Chronic Kidney Disease Glomerulonephropathies Nephrotic Disease in Primary Renal Disorders Nephrotic Disease from Systemic Disorders Diseases Demonstrating Nephritic & Nephrotic Components Tubulointerstitial Diseases Cystic Diseases of the Kidney Multisystem Diseases with Variable Kidney Involvement 23. Urologic Disorders, Maxwell V. Meng, Marshall L. Stoller, and Thomas J. Walsh Hematuria Genitourinary Tract Infections --Acute Cystitis --Acute Pyelonephritis --Acute Bacterial Prostatitis --Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis --Nonbacterial Prostatitis --Prostatodynia --Acute Epididymitis Urinary Stone Disease Interstitial Cystitis Male Erectile Dysfunction & Sexual Dysfunction Male Infertility Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 24. Nervous System Disorders, Michael J. Aminoff & Geoffrey A. Kerchner Headache Facial Pain Epilepsy Dysautonomia Sensory Disturbances Weakness & Paralysis Transient Ischemic Attacks Stroke Intracranial & Spinal Mass Lesions Nonmetastatic Neurologic Complications of Malignant Disease Pseudotumor Cerebri (Benign Intracranial Hypertension)Selected Neurocutaneous Diseases Movement Disorders Dementia Multiple Sclerosis Neuromyelitis Optica Vitamin E Deficiency Spasticity Myelopathies in AIDS Myelopathy of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Infection Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Wernicke Encephalopathy Stupor & Coma Head Injury Spinal Trauma Syringomyelia Degenerative Motor Neuron Diseases Peripheral Neuropathies --Polyneuropathies & Mononeuritis Multiplex --Nononeuropathies --Bell Palsy Discogenic Neck Pain Brachial & Lumbar Plexus Lesions Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission Myopathic Disorders Periodic Paralysis Syndromes 25. Psychiatric Disorders, Stuart J. Eisendrath & Jonathan E. Lichtmacher Common Psychiatric Disorders Substance Use Disorders (Drug Dependency, Drug Abuse) Delirium, Dementia, & Other Cognitive Disorders (Formerly: Organic Brain Syndrome) Psychiatric Problems Associated with Hospitalization & Illness 26. Endocrine Disorders, Paul A. Fitzgerald Diseases of the Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland Diseases of the Thyroid Gland The Parathyroids Metabolic Bone Disease Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex Pheochromocytoma & Paragenglioma Pancreatic & Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors Diseases of the Testes & Male Breast Amenorrhea & Menopause Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Clinical Use of Corticosteroids 27. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia, Umesh Masharani Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Coma the Hypoglycemic States 28. Lipid Disorders, Robert B. Baron Lipoproteins & Atherogenesis Lipid Fractions & the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Therapeutic Effects of Lowering Cholesterol Secondary Conditions that Affect Lipid Metabolism Clinical Presentations Screening for High Blood Cholesterol Treatment of High Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol High Blood Triglycerides 29. Nutritional Disorders, Robert B. Baron Protein-Energy Malnutrition Obesity Eating Disorders Disorders of Vitamin Metabolism Diet Therapy Nutritional Support 30. Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy, Peter V. Chin-Hong & B. Joseph Guglielmo Common Problems in Infectious Diseases --Fever of Unknown Origin --Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient --Hospital-Associated Infections --Infections of the Central Nervous System --Animal & Human Bite Wounds --Sexually Transmitted Diseases --Infections in Drug Users --Acute Infectious Diarrhea --Infectious Diseases in the Returning Traveler --Traver's Diarrhea Antimicrobial Therapy --Selected Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy --Hypersensitivity Tests & Desensitization Immunization Against Infectious Diseases --Recommended Immunization of Infants, Children, and Adolescents --Recommended Immunization for Adults --Recommended Immunization for Travelers --Vaccine Safety 31. HIV Infection & AIDS, Mitchell H. Katz & Andrew R. Zolopa Epidemiology Etiology Pathogenesis Pathophysiology Clinical Findings Differential Diagnosis Prevention Treatment Course & Prognosis When to Refer When to Admit 32. Viral & Rickettsial Infections, Wayne X. Shandera & Shruti Patel Viral Diseases --Human Herpesviruses --Major-Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections --Other Neurotropic Viruses --Other Systemic Viral Diseases --Common Viral Respiratory Infections --Adenovirus Infections --Other Exanthematous Viral Infections --Viruses & Gastroenteritis --Enteroviruses that Produce Several Syndromes Rickettsial Diseases --Typhus Group --Spotted Fevers --Other Rickettsial & Rickettsial-Like Diseases --Kawasaki Disease 33. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections, Brian S. Schwartz Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria Infective Endocarditis Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria Actinomycosis Nocardiosis Infections Caused by Mycobacteria Infections Caused by Chlamydiae 34. Spirochetal Infections, Susan S. Philip Syphilis Non-Sexually-Transmitted Treponematoses Selected Spirochetal Diseases --Relapsing Fever --Rat-Bite Fever Leptospirosis Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) 35. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections, Philip J. Rosenthal Protozoal Infections --African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) --American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) --Leishmaniasis --Malaria --Babesiosis --Toxoplasmosis --Amebiasis --Infections with Pathogenic Free-Living Amebas --Coccidiosis (Cryptosporidiosis, Isosporiasis, Cyclosporiasis, Sarcocystosis) & Microsporidiosis --Giardiasis --Other Intestinal Flagellate Infections --Trichomoniasis Helminthic Infections --Trematode (Fluke) Infections --Liver, Lung, & Intestinal Flukes --Cestode Infections --Intestinal Nematode (Roundworm) Infections --Invasive Nematode (Roundworm) Infections --Filariasis 36. Mycotic Infections, Samuel A. Shelburne & Richard J. Hamill Candidiasis Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomysosis Pneumocystosis (Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia Cryptococcosis Aspergillosis Mucormycosis Blastomycosis Paracoccidiodomycosis (South American Blastomycosis) Sporotrichosis Penicillium marneffei Infections Chromoblastomycosis (Chromomycosis) Mycetoma (Maduromycosis & Actinomycetoma) Other Opportunistic Mold Infections Antifungal Therapy 37. Disorders Related to Environmental Factors, Jacqueline A. Nemer Cold & Heat Burns Electrical Injury Radiation Exposure Near Drowning Other Disorders Related to Environmental Factors 38. Poisoning, Kent R. Olson Initial Evaluation: Poisoning or Overdose The Symptomatic Patient Antidotes & Other Treatment Diagnosis of Poisoning Selected Poisonings 39. Cancer, Patricia A. Cornett & Tiffany O. Dea Etiology Modifiable Risk Factors Staging The Paraneoplastic Syndromes Types of Cancer --Lung Cancer --Hepatobiliary Cancers --Alimentary Tract Cancers --Cancers of the Genitourinary Tract Cancer Complications & Emergencies Primary Cancer Treatment --Systemic Cancer Therapy --Toxicity & Doses Modification of Chemotherapeutic Agents --Prognosis 40. Clinical Genetic Disorders, Reed E. Pyeritz Acute Intermittent Porphyria Alkaptonuria Down Syndrome Fragile X Mental Retardation Gaucher Disease Disorders of Homocysteine Metabolism Klinefelter Syndrome Marfan Syndrome Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia 41. Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Kevin Barrows Botanical Medicines Dietary Supplements Acupuncture Mind-Body Medicine Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring & Laboratory Reference Intervals, C. Diana Nicoll & Chuanyi Mark Lu Index ONLINE-ONLY CHAPTERS: www.AccessMedicine.com/CMDT Anti-Infective Chemotherapeutic & Antibiotic Agents, B. Joseph Guglielmo Penicillins Cephalosporins Other ss-Lactam Drugs Erythromycin Group (Macrolides) Ketolides Tetracycline Group Glycylcyclines Chloramphenicol Aminoglycosides Polymyxins Antibuterculous Drugs Alternative Drugs in Tuberculosis Treatment Rifamycins Sulfonamides & Antifolate Drugs Sulfones Used in the Treatment of Leprosy Specialized Drugs Used Against Bacteria Streptogramins Oxazolidinediones Daptomycin Telavancin Quinolones Pentamidine & Atovaquone Urinary Antiseptics Antifungal Drugs Antiviral Chemotherapy Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision Making, C. Diana Nicoll, Michael Pignone, and Chuanyi Mark Lu Benefits, Costs, & Risks Performance of Diagnostic Tests Test Characteristics Use of Tests in Diagnosis & Management Odds-Likelihood Ratios Basic Genetics, Reed E. Byeritz Introduction to Medical Genetics --Genes & Chromosomes --Mutation --Genes in Individuals --Genes in Families --Disorders of Multifactorial Concern --Chromosomal Aberrations The Techniques of Medical Genetics --Family History & Pedigree Analysis --Cytogenetics --Biochemical Genetics --DNA Analysis --Prenatal Diagnosis< br>--Neoplasia: Chromosomal & DNA Analysis Information Technology in Patient Care, Russ Cucina Clinical Uses of E-mail Electronic Medical Records Computerized Provider Order Entry Clinical Decision Support Systems Web Sites & Online Health-Related Forums Mobile Computing for Clinicians Telemedicine Sports Medicine & Outpatient Orthopedics, Anthony Luke & C. Benjamin Ma General Approach to Musculoskeletal Injuries Shoulder --Subacromial Impingement Syndrome --Rotator Cuff Tears --Shoulder Dislocation & Instability --Adhesive Capsulitis ("Frozen Shoulder") Spine Problems Low Back Pain --Spinal Stenosis --Lumbar Disk Herniation --Neck Pain Upper Extremity --Lateral & Medial Epicondylosis --Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Hip --Hip Fractures Knee --Knee Pain --Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury --Collateral Ligament Injury --Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)Injury --Meniscus Injuries --Patellofemoral Pain Ankle Injuries --Inversion Ankle Sprains --Eversion ("High") Ankle Sprains Knee & Hip Osteoarthritis

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